Patient/care partners access to thickened liquids and/or thickening agents and ability to modify regular texture foods/liquids after discharge. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1111/ane.12136, Saconato, M., Chiari, B. M., Lederman, H. M., & Gonalves, M. I. In a recent web chat, participants discussed the role of . Effortful swallowing was also associated with significantly greater maximum velocities of the hyoid and larynx during swallowing. 13%38% among elderly individuals who are living independently (Kawashima et al., 2004; Serra-Prat et al., 2011). radiation treatment protocols in head and neck cancer; psychosocial, environmental, and behavioral factors. Training effects of the effortful swallow under three exercise (2014). facilitating communication between team members, actively consulting with team members, and. The Laryngoscope, 127(Suppl. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-016-9737-3, Bhattacharyya, N. (2014). as low as 3% in U.S. inpatients aged 45 years or older to as high as 22% in adults over 50 years of age (Lindgren & Janzon, 1991; National Foundation of Swallowing Disorders, n.d.; Patel et al., 2018; Tibbling & Gustafsson, 1991); as high as 30% in elderly populations receiving inpatient medical treatment (Layne et al., 1989); up to 68% for residents in long-term care settings (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, n.d.; Steele et al., 1997); and. Causes of dysphagia among different age groups: A systematic review of the literature. Dysphagia, 16(3), 190195. The patient has anatomical deviations (e.g., head/neck, digestive tract) that preclude use of barium or use of an endoscopy. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-8387, Barer, D. (1989). Archives of Neurology, 49(12), 12591261. Super-supraglottic swallow in irradiated head and neck cancer patients. A 5-year longitudinal study. An example of a compensatory technique includes a head rotation, which is used during the swallow to direct the bolus toward one of the lateral channels of the pharyngeal cavity. Diagnostic accuracy of the modified Evans blue dye test in detecting aspiration in patients with tracheostomy: A systematic review of the evidence. Journal of Critical Care, 30(1), 4048. Contraindications of Effortful Swallowing. Palliative care teams can assist a patient and/or family in establishing goals of care, which can then guide some of these complex decisions. Additional systematic reviews and studies have reported varied estimates of dysphagia prevalence in the following: drooling and poor oral management of secretions and/or bolus; ineffective chewing, in consideration of the individual variability in mastication cycles and time (Shiga et al., 2012); food or liquid remaining in the oral cavity after the swallow (oral residue); inability to maintain lip closure, leading to food and/or liquids leaking from the oral cavity (anterior loss of bolus); food and/or liquids leaking from the nasal cavity (nasopharyngeal regurgitation); complaints of food sticking or complaints of a fullness in the neck (globus sensation); complaints of pain when swallowing (odynophagia); changes in vocal quality (e.g., wet or gurgly sounding voice) during or after eating or drinking; coughing or throat clearing during or after eating or drinking; difficulty coordinating breathing and swallowing; acute or recurring aspiration pneumonia/respiratory infection and/or fever (Bock et al., 2017; DiBardino & Wunderink, 2015; Marik, 2010); changes in eating habits, for example, avoidance of certain foods/drinks (Sura et al., 2012); weight loss, malnutrition, or dehydration from not being able to eat enough (Saito et al., 2017; Via & Mechanick, 2013); and, complaints of discomfort related to suspected esophageal dysphagia (e.g., globus sensation, regurgitation).